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The Treaty was largely based on the Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, which had been adopted by the General Assembly in its resolution 1962 (XVIII) in 1963, but added a few new provisions. The Treaty was opened for signature by the three depository Governments (the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States of America) in January 1967, and it entered into force in October 1967. The Outer Space Treaty provides the basic framework on international space law, including the following principles: the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried out for the benefit and in the interests of all countries and shall be the province of all mankind; outer space shall be free for exploration and use by all States; outer space is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means; States shall not place nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction in orbit or on celestial bodies or station them in outer space in any other manner; the Moon and other celestial bodies shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes; astronauts shall be regarded as the envoys of mankind; States shall be responsible for national space activities whether carried out by governmental or non-governmental entities; States shall be liable for damage caused by their space objects; and States shall avoid harmful contamination of space and celestial bodies. Available online resources for the Outer Space Treaty Treaty Status webpage Travaux Préparatoires   RES 2222 (XVI)   Our WorkSecretariat of COPUOS Programme on Space Applications UN-SPIDERInternational Committee on GNSSUN-SpaceUNISPACE+50Space LawTreaties & PrinciplesTreaty StatusTravaux PréparatoiresSpace Law ResolutionsLegal Advisory ServicesNational Space LawBilateral & Multilateral Agreements Non-legally Binding UN Instruments on Outer SpaceTreaty ImplementationPublicationsCapacity BuildingBenefits of SpaceSpace4HealthAccess to Space for AllSpace for Persons with Disabilities Space4YouthSpace4WaterSpace4WomenWorld Space ForumWorldwide Space AgenciesCapacity Building ActivitiesLatestDecember 22, 2022NewsPress release:UN Office for Outer Space Affairs and United Kingdom strengthen cooperation on space sustainabilityNovember 10, 2022PublicationsReport on International Efforts Using Space for Climate ActionDecember 19, 2022ReportsST/SG/SER.E/1076 - Registration information from the United States of America on space objects launched during June 2022Links VIC Online UNIS Vienna UN-SPIDER United Nations Terms of Use Contact us United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs United Nations Office at Vienna Vienna International Centre, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1220 Vienna AUSTRIA Fax: +43-1-260 60 5830 Send us a message! 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