🔊 Read website aloud (Text-to-Speech synthesis) Cass Robert Sunstein FBA is an American legal scholar, particularly in the fields of constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and law and behavioral economics, who was the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Re…
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The obedient must be slaves." ~Henry David Thoreau Multilingual AI translation: German Dutch French Spanish English Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Armenian Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Bosnian Bulgarian Catalan Cebuano Chichewa Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Corsican Croatian Czech Danish Esperanto Estonian Filipino Finnish Frisian Galician Georgian Greek Gujarati Haitian Creole Hausa Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Irish Italian Japanese Javanese Kannada Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish (Kurmanji) Kyrgyz Lao Latin Latvian Lithuanian Luxembourgish Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Maori Marathi Mongolian Myanmar (Burmese) Nepali Norwegian Pashto Persian Polish Portuguese Punjabi Romanian Russian Samoan Scottish Gaelic Serbian Sesotho Shona Sindhi Sinhala Slovak Slovenian Somali Sundanese Swahili Swedish Tajik Tamil Telugu Thai Turkish Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Vietnamese Welsh Xhosa Yiddish Yoruba Zulu English Cass Sunstein – Cognitive infiltration Leave a comment Read website aloud (Text-to-Speech synthesis) Cass Robert Sunstein FBA is an American legal scholar, particularly in the fields of constitutional law, administrative law, environmental law, and law and behavioral economics, who was the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in the Obama administration from 2009 to 2012. For 27 years, Sunstein taught at the University of Chicago Law School. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School.More at Wikipedia Sunstein suggests that the government should use conspiracies (i.e., cognitive infiltration, social interference via cognitive diversity) to stop debates about governmental conspiracies – an absurd idea which he articulated in several papers. Given his position as a presidential adviser it is realistic to assume that his ideas have real-world impact. Sunstein is known for his “nudge theory” of behaviour modification (cf. linguistic thought control and subliminal indoctrination). See also: The origins of the “conspiracy meme”: The “conspiracy meme” as a linguistic tool for memetic hegemony Origins of the “conspiracy meme” Page / 26Zoom 100%Page / 26Zoom 100% References Sunstein, C. R.. (2006). Irreversible and catastrophic. Cornell Law Review Plain numerical DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.707128 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “As many treaties and statutes emphasize, some risks are distinctive in the sense that they are potentially irreversible or catastrophic; for such risks, it is sensible to take extra precautions. when a harm is irreversible, and when regulators lack information about its magnitude and likelihood, they should purchase an option to prevent the harm at a later date – the irreversible harm precautionary principle. this principle brings standard option theory to bear on environmental law and risk regulation. and when catastrophic outcomes are possible, it makes sense to take special precautions against the worst-case scenarios – the catastrophic harm precautionary principle. this principle is based on two foundations: an appreciation of people’s failure to appreciate the expected value of truly catastrophic losses; and an understanding of the distinction between risk and uncertainty. the irreversible harm precautionary principle must, however, be applied with a recognition that irreversible harms are sometimes on all sides of social problems, and that such harms may be caused by regulation itself. the catastrophic harm precautionary principle must be applied with an understanding that in some cases, eliminating the worst-case scenario causes far more serious problems than it solves. the normative arguments are illustrated throughout with reference to the problem of global warming; other applications include injunctions in environmental cases, genetic modification of food, protection of endangered species, and terrorism.” Sunstein, C. R.. (2000). Group dynamics. Law and Literature Plain numerical DOI: 10.1080/1535685X.2000.11015605 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “Focuses on the concept of group dynamics. praise on the book ‘leadership, psychology, and organizational behavior’ written on the topic; information about various studies on the topic by scholars.” Jolls, C., Sunstein, C. R., & Thaler, R.. (1998). A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics. Stanford Law Review Plain numerical DOI: 10.2307/1229304 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “Economic analysis of law usually proceeds under the assumptions of neo-classical economics. but empirical evidence gives much reason to doubt these assumptions; people exhibit bounded rationality, bounded self-interest, and bounded willpower. this article offers a broad vision of how law and economics analysis may be improved by increased attention to insights about actual human behavior. it considers specific topics in the economic analysis of law and proposes new models and approaches for addressing these topics. the analysis of the article is organized into three categories: positive, prescriptive, and normative. positive analysis of law concerns how agents behave in response to legal rules and how legal rules are shaped. prescriptive analysis concerns what rules should be adopted to advance specified ends. normative analysis attempts to assess more broadly the ends of the legal system: should the system always respect people’s choices? by drawing attention to cognitive and motivational problems of both citizens and government, behavioral law and economics offers answers distinct from those offered by the standard analysis.” Thaler, R., & Sunstein, C.. (2008). Nudge. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10602-008-9056-2 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “Nudge is about choices – how we make them and how we’re led to make better ones. authors richard h. thaler and cass r. sunstein offer a new perspective on how to prevent the countless bad mistakes we make in our lives, including ill-advised personal investments, consumption of unhealthy foods, neglect of our natural resources, and other numerous bad decisions regarding health care, our families, and education. citing decades of cutting-edge behavioral science research, they demonstrate that sensible ‘choice architecture’ can successfully nudge people toward the best decision without restricting their freedom of choice.” Sunstein, C. R.. (2005). Moral heuristics. Behavioral and Brain Sciences Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X05000099 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “With respect to questions of fact, people use heuristics – mental short-cuts, or rules of thumb, that generally work well, but that also lead to systematic errors. people use moral heuristics too – moral short-cuts, or rules of thumb, that lead to mistaken and even absurd moral judgments. these judgments are highly relevant to law and politics. examples are given from a number of domains, with an emphasis on appropriate punishment. moral framing effects are discussed as well.” Sunstein, C. R.. (1999). The Law of Group Polarization. SSRN doi.org/10.1111/1467-9760.00148 Show/hide publication abstract “In a striking empirical regularity, deliberation tends to move groups, and the individuals who compose them, toward a more extreme point in the direction indicated by their own predeliberation judgments. for example, people who are opposed to the minimum wage are likely, after talking to each other, to be still more opposed; people who tend to support gun control are likely, after discussion, to support gun control with considerable enthusiasm; people who believe that global warming is a serious problem are likely, after discussion, to insist on severe measures to prevent global warming. this general phenomenon — group polarization — has many implications for economic, political, and legal institutions. it helps to explain extremism, ‘radicalization,’ cultural shifts, and the behavior of political parties and religious organizations; it is closely connected to current concerns about the consequences of the internet; it also helps account for feuds, ethnic antagonism, and tribalism. group polarization bears on the conduct of government institutions, including juries, legislatures, courts, and regulatory commissions. there are interesting relationships between group polarization and social cascades, both informational and reputational. normative implications are discussed, with special attention to political and legal institutions.” Thaler, R. H., & Sunstein, C. R.. (2003). Libertarian paternalism. In American Economic Review Plain numerical DOI: 10.1257/000282803321947001 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “Thaler and sunstein—authors of the popular book ‘nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness’—define the term ‘libertarian paternalism’ as ‘an approach that preserves freedom of choice but that authorizes both private and public institutions to steer people in directions that will promote their welfare.’ the paper questions the assumption that people always make rational choices, and suggests that they ‘exhibit dynamic inconsistency, valuing present consumption much more than future consumption.’ using a study that thaler had conducted in 2002 with shlomo benartzi, the authors argue this point with an example concerning personal finance: subjects in the study volunteered to share their portfolio choices with investigators. they were then shown the probability distributions of expected retirement income for three investment portfolios, labeled a, b, and c. unbeknownst to the subjects, the three portfolios were their own and portfolios mimicking the average and median choices of their fellow employees. the study found that, on average, the subjects rated the average portfolio equally with their own portfolio, and they judged the median portfolio to be significantly more attractive than their own. furthermore, only 20 percent of the subjects preferred their own portfolio to the median portfolio. in this paper, thaler and sunstein argue against the premise that ‘people do a good job of making choices, or at least that they do a far better job than third parties could do,’ and specifically use an example of personal finance to support this objection.” Sunstein, C. R.. (2014). Nudging: A Very Short Guide. Journal of Consumer Policy Plain numerical DOI: 10.1007/s10603-014-9273-1 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “This brief essay offers a general introduction to the idea of nudging, along with a list of ten of the most important ‘nudges.’ it also provides a short discussion of the question whether to create some kind of separate ‘behavioral insights unit,’ capable of conducting its own research, or instead to rely on existing institutions.” Sunstein, C. R.. (2001). Cass R. Sunstein. Virginia Law Review Plain numerical DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2733142 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “We investigated whether the higher maximum speed of complex athletic movements attained by experts compared with novices might solely be ascribed to the acquisition of a more efficient timing of the initiation of the simple movements that comprise complex sporting gestures. six novices in fencing and five experts in fencing performed three experimental series: 7 trials of touche, 7 trials of lunge (control series) and 50 trials of lunge + touche (test series), where the touche and lunge were initiated with different chronological sequences imposed by the experimenter. the lunge and the touche can be assimilated to a fast forward step and to a pointing task, respectively. we compared the maximum speed of touche between the two groups, recorded by an accelerometer fixed to the hand guard of the foil, and the speed of the centre of mass obtained from a force plate. the speed of the centre of mass was not statistically different between the two groups in the control and in the test series. the maximum speed of touche was not statistically different between the two groups in the control series. in contrast, in the test series, the maximum speed of touche was higher in the fencers’ than in novices’ groups, while the timing of initiation of the lunge and the touche was similar. the results of the test series show that the higher maximum speed of touche of fencers compared with novices cannot solely be ascribed to the acquisition of a more efficient initiation timing in motor programming. in a complex fencing gesture, the higher maximum speed of touche following intensive practice is discussed with regard to the inhibition of negative effects linked to the ‘refractory period’ associated with the initiation of two closely spaced motor programs” Sunstein, C. R.. (2006). Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge. First Monday Plain numerical DOI: 10.1017/S1537592708080821 DOI URL directSciHub download Show/hide publication abstract “The rise of the ‘information society’ offers not only considerable peril but also great promise. beset from all sides by a never-ending barrage of media, how can we ensure that the most accurate information emerges and is heeded? in this book, cass r. sunstein develops a deeply optimistic understanding of the human potential to pool information, and to use that knowledge to improve our lives. in an age of information overload, it is easy to fall back on our own prejudices and insulate ourselves with comforting opinions that reaffirm our core beliefs. crowds quickly become mobs. the justification for the iraq war, the collapse of enron, the explosion of the space shuttle columbia-all of these resulted from decisions made by leaders and groups trapped in ‘info… truncated (45,384 more characters in archive)