The ancient world’s mythologies regarding a magnetic mountain, four directional rivers, and other more fantastical features at the North Pole are shockingly consistent, but what did the earli…
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The Cure For Everything Energy Expand child menu The Universal Life Force Energy Emotions, DNA, and the Divine Matrix Psychoneuroimmunology and the Placebo Effect The Biology of Belief Positivity, Prayer and Remote Healing Biofield Electrography and Kirlian Photography Acupuncture, Acupressure and Meridians The Human Chakra System Martial Arts Expand child menu The Science of Self-Defense Yoga Expand child menu The Most Important Thing in Your Life The Benefits of Yoga Atlantis and Kundalini Books Expand child menu Lulu Amazon Videos Expand child menu YouTube Odysee BitChute Rumble Rokfin Brighteon Real Truth Seekers Instagram Telegram Music Expand child menu iTunes Spotify Deezer Napster SoundClick SoundCloud Forum Posted on November 19, 2020November 19, 2020 by ericdubayEarly Polar Maps and Exploration The ancient world’s mythologies regarding a magnetic mountain, four directional rivers, and other more fantastical features at the North Pole are shockingly consistent, but what did the earliest known explorers, historians and cartographers have to say about the subject? Pytheas, the earliest recorded explorer of the North Pole in the 4th century BC, claimed to discover an island he called “Thule,” the farthest northern land, and gave an account sounding straight out of ancient mythology. In his lost book entitled “On the Ocean,” Pytheas wrote, “the island was more than forty thousand stadia, and in this region there was no longer either land properly so-called, or sea, or air, but a kind of substance concreted from all these elements, resembling a sea-lungs – a thing which, the earth, the sea, and all the elements are held in suspension; and this is a sort of bond to hold all together, which you can neither walk nor sail upon.” Pytheas claimed upon reaching the northern-most point accessible, that land, air, and water somehow became like one substance similar to a jelly-fish and was completely impassable. Little remains of Pytheas’ original account, but second-hand sources like Strabo inform us regarding the inhabitants of the surrounding northern islands, “he says that, of the animals and domesticated fruits, there is an utter dearth of some and scarcity of others, and that the people live on millet and other herbs, and on fruits and roots; and where there are grain and honey, the people get their beverage also, from them. As for the grain, he says – since they have no pure sunshine – they pound it out in large storehouses, after first gathering in the ears thither; for the threshing floors become useless because of this lack of sunshine and because of the rains.” Pliny the Elder also wrote of Pytheas’ journey in his Naturalis Historia (IV.16) stating that, “on summer days the sun approached nearer to the top of the world; owing to a natural circuit of light the underlying parts of the earth have continuous days for six months at a time, and continuous nights when the sun has withdrawn in the opposite direction towards winter. Pytheas of Mareilles writes that this occurs in the island of Thule, 6 days voyage north from Britain. Pytheas states that north of Britain the tides rise 80 cubits. The most remote of all is Thule, in which we have pointed out there are no nights at midsummer when the sun is passing through the sign of the Crab, and on the other hand no days at midwinter; indeed some writers think this is the case for periods of six months at a time without a break. One day’s sail from Thule is the frozen ocean called by some the Cronian Sea.” “The earliest voyage to the north is that claimed for Pytheus, the distinguished Phenician astronomer and geographer of Marseilles, who flourished 320 B.C. His works were extant in the fifth century, but are no longer found. Pliny and Eratosthenes gave full credit to his narrations, though Strabo shows great hostility to Pytheus, whose accounts he refused to receive, saying that he made ‘use of his acquaintance with astronomy and mathematics to fabricate his false narrative.’ Pliny, however, with more reason, thought that he employed his knowledge in practical exploration. The latest editor of Strabo does not share in his author’s doubt. According to Pliny and others, Pytheus sailed through the Straits of Gibraltar, making his way north to the British isles, whither it was the custom of his countrymen to resort, and, after traveling over England on foot, proceeded northward to a place called ‘Thule,’ six days’ sail from the northern part of Britain.” -Benjamin Franklin DeCosta, “Inventio Fortunata, Arctic Exploration With An Account of Nicholas of Lynn” (4) Pliny the Elder also wrote of Pytheas’ journey in his Naturalis Historia (IV.16) stating that, “on summer days the sun approached nearer to the top of the world; owing to a natural circuit of light the underlying parts of the earth have continuous days for six months at a time, and continuous nights when the sun has withdrawn in the opposite direction towards winter. Pytheas of Mareilles writes that this occurs in the island of Thule, 6 days voyage north from Britain. Pytheas states that north of Britain the tides rise 80 cubits. The most remote of all is Thule, in which we have pointed out there are no nights at midsummer when the sun is passing through the sign of the Crab, and on the other hand no days at midwinter; indeed some writers think this is the case for periods of six months at a time without a break. One day’s sail from Thule is the frozen ocean called by some the Cronian Sea.” “The earliest voyage to the north is that claimed for Pytheus, the distinguished Phenician astronomer and geographer of Marseilles, who flourished 320 B.C. His works were extant in the fifth century, but are no longer found. Pliny and Eratosthenes gave full credit to his narrations, though Strabo shows great hostility to Pytheus, whose accounts he refused to receive, saying that he made ‘use of his acquaintance with astronomy and mathematics to fabricate his false narrative.’ Pliny, however, with more reason, thought that he employed his knowledge in practical exploration. The latest editor of Strabo does not share in his author’s doubt. According to Pliny and others, Pytheus sailed through the Straits of Gibraltar, making his way north to the British isles, whither it was the custom of his countrymen to resort, and, after traveling over England on foot, proceeded northward to a place called ‘Thule,’ six days’ sail from the northern part of Britain.” -Benjamin Franklin DeCosta, “Inventio Fortunata, Arctic Exploration With An Account of Nicholas of Lynn” (4) The classical Greek poet Pindar wrote that, “Never the muse is absent from their ways: lyres clash and flutes cry and everywhere maiden choruses whirling. Neither disease nor bitter old age is mixed in their sacred blood; far from labor and battle they live.” And reminiscent of Pytheas’ strange account Pindar stated that, “neither by ship nor on foot would you find the marvellous road to the assembly of the Hyperboreans.” Similar to Thule and Hyperborea, the Celts also had their northern terrestrial paradise known as “Avalon.” St. Brandan, son of Finhlogho, a famous saint of the Irish church, who died in 576 AD, was allegedly the first to reach this land during a sea voyage to the North. Similar to other ancient accounts, St. Brandan mentioned a fountain with four directional streams, and claimed there were “magnificent castles and castle halls lighted with self-luminous stones and adorned with all manner of precious jewels, surpassing decription.” In 1035 AD Archbishop Adalbert, the vicar of Scandinavia, sent a team of Frisian nobles to explore the northern polar region after which Adam of Bremen recorded their experiences in the book, “Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum.” Similar to accounts of the Hyperboreans, the Frisian explorers claimed to reach an island where they encountered giant human beings living in caves and underground hollows. The giants’ domiciles were adorned in gold and precious metals which some of the Frisians stupidly attempted to steal and were swiftly chased back to their boats, minus one of their comrades caught by a giant who “in a twinkling tore him to pieces before their eyes.” They never reached the North Pole or a magnetic mountain, but did encounter an incredible feature long-alleged to surround them. Ancient Norse legend states that a gigantic violent maelstrom (whirlpool) known as “Hvergelmir” or “the World’s Well,” surrounds the polar mountain and via four, six-hour daily cycles of pushing and pulling through subterranian channels, cause the rising and falling of tides on Earth. Adam of Bremen recounts the Frisian explorer’s deadly encounter with this “abysmal chasm,” as such: “of a sudden they fell into that numbing ocean’s dark mist which could hardly be penetrated with the eyes. And behold, the current of the fluctuating ocean whirled back to its mysterious fountainhead and with most furious impetuosity drew the unhappy sailors, who in their despair now thought only of death, on to chaos; this they say is the ‘abysmal chasm’ – that deep in which report has it that all the back flow of the sea, which appears to decrease, is absorbed and in turn revomited, as the mounting fluctuation is usually described. As the partners were imploring the mercy of God to receive their souls, the backward thrust of the sea carried away some of their ships, but its forward ejection threw the rest far behind the others. Freed thus by the timely help of God from the instant peril they had had before their eyes, they seconded the flood by rowing with all their might.” Besides the Norse legends of Hvergelmir, historical records of this “World Well” can be found as early as the 8th century AD when Paulus Diaconus or “Paul the Deacon,” Benedictine monk, scribe and historian of the Lombards wrote in his Historia Langobardorum that, “not far from the shore, where the ocean extends without bounds, is that very deep abyss of waters which we commonly call the ocean’s navel. It is said twice a day to suck the waves into itself, and to spew them out again; as is proved to happen along all these coasts, where the waves rush in and go back again with fearful rapidity. By the whirlpool of which we have spoken it is asserted that ships are often drawn in with such rapidity that they seem to resemble the flight of arrows through the air; and sometimes they are lost in the gulf with a very frightful destruction. Often just as they are about to go under, they are brought back again by a sudden shock of the waves, and they are sent out again thence with the same rapidity with which they were drawn in.” Giraldus Cambrensis or “Gerald of Wales,” archdeacon of Brecon, historian, and royal clerk to King Henry II, wrote in his 1188 work “Topographia Hibernica” that, “Not far from the islands, towards the north, there is an astonishing whirlpool in the sea, towards which there is a set current of the waves from all quarters, until, pouring themselves into nature’s secret recesses, they are swallowed up, as it were, in the abyss. Should a vessel chance to pass in that direction, it is caught and drawn along by the force of the waves, and sucked by the vortex without chance of escape. There are four of these whirlpools in the ocean, described by philosophers as existing in the four different quarters of the world; whence it has been conjectured that the currents of the sea, as well as the winds, are regulated, by fixed principles.” The whirlpool was also mentioned in another late 12th century work “Historia Norwegiae,” where the author, an anonymous Norwegian monk gives a particularly detailed description, stating: “The greatest of all whirlpools is to be found there, which engulfs the strongest ships, sucking them in at ebb tide and spewing out their fragments with a belch at flood tide … There is a very deep abyss in the earth itself and alongside it are open-mouthed caverns containing winds which are said to be brought forth by the breathing of the water, and these are the breath of gales. Indeed, by their breathing these winds draw to them the waters of the sea through hidden passages in the earth; they shut them up in the vaults of the abyss, and then by the same force drive them out again, causing sea-surges, spates and the whirling of waterspouts. Earthquakes also occur and various discharges of vapour and conflagration, for when the winds’ breath, held in the cheeks of earth, presses to burst out, it shakes the foundation of the world with a dreadful roaring and forces it to… truncated (21,203 more characters in archive)