Encyclopedia of Energy Science CONTENTS 14 pg 62K 0. Update 1. Introduction 2. Encyclopedia 3. Notes 4. References 5. Revision history >>Copyright >>www.benwiens.com 2023Mar05 by Ben Wiens...energy scientist 1. INTRODUCTION This encyclopedia is based on the booklet Energy Science Made Simple. Typically dictionaries, encyclopedias, and textbooks represent what the popular thought about words represents. This is in effect a rearward representation of what words ideally should mean. For example if the public misuses words, then eventually they represent the accepted definition. In a sense it would be better for knowledgeable professionals to decide what the words should represent. They could then make sure that each word fit into the language in a way which made sense. Of course it would be extremely difficult to get professionals to agree to what words mean. This encyclopedia though represents such thinking. Though there is no intention to force any person to use words in the way they are presented here, at least the whole encyclopedia represents a coherent and modern set of definitions throughout. Just as in the book, the definitions that are used are not always based on popular explanations, rather it is an attempt at going back and reviewing the information itself. It is based on weaving a single best thread through the current competing definitions available. All spelling is in US English. Presently the definitions are still rather limited. Even so the definitions may be considered to be more accurate and more representative of current information about energy than many encyclopedias on the market today. 2. ENCYCLOPEDIA Absolute measurement system...theoretical system where all measurements are considered to be relative to absolute geometric coordinates. absolute mass...symbol MA, is the total mass of matter wavicles that are at rest relative to the space continuum. This is the mass listed in the periodic tables. The term at rest refers to a matter particle not moving even though wavicles within it are traveling. absolute energy...symbol EA, is the total energy of wavicles that are at rest relative to the space continuum. The term at rest refers to a matter particle not moving even though wavicles within it are traveling. absorption...taking into from the space around. acceleration...the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. aether...sometimes spelled ether especially in the United States. A word used since early times to represent a material medium that light travels in. It is not likely that light travels in a medium made of matter, however there must be a structure of space for light to travel in relation to. A modern word for this non material medium is space continuum. ambient temperature...the temperature of the surroundings. It is implied that the ambient reservoir is infinitely large compared to another reservoir that is used. ambient reservoir...a reservoir is considered to be a source of internal energy in equilibrium or at the same uniform temperature. It is implied that the ambient reservoir is infinitely large compared to another reservoir that is used. anergy...means the same as bound energy. This word is not common anymore, may be found in some older books. atom...the building block of molecules. availability...means the same as exergy and clausius energy. availability evaluation...is the same as a second law evaluation except that generally only clausius energy is considered. In other types of second law analysis the evaluation is made more specific by limiting the evaluation to such forms of energy as helmholtz energy, gibbs energy, or expansion energy. biology...the science of life and living organisms. blackbody...an ideal substance that absorbs all and reflects none of the radiant energy falling on it. boson...a class of energy wavicles, such as the photon, pion, or alpha particle, that permit any number of identical wavicles to occupy the same quantum state or spot. boson energy...the amount of energy in a boson such as a photon. bound energy...symbol BE, is the energy that can not be converted to external energy based on a certain temperature of the ambient reservoir. See plural energy system for chart of different energy forms. brightness...a measure of the amount of photons striking a surface per unit of time. calorie...when spelled with lower case is actually called a small calorie. An average person eats around 3,000,000 calories per day. Big calories are also called kilocalories. Calorie...when spelled with upper case letters is actually called a big calorie or kilocalorie. To avoid confusion when speaking it is better to talk about calories when talking about small calories and kilocalories when talking about large Calories. An average person eats around 3,000 kilocalories per day. Many food packages are also listing the food value in joules, something that is now preferred. In the case of food, the kilocalories is the chemical energy of the food. Sugar is converted ...