Library of Nikola Tesla - An ingenious physicist, engineer, inventor in the field of electrical and radio engineering.
Nikola Tesla Main About About Charter Mission Portfolio Contacts Responsibility Environmental To website Quantum transition Research Convergent sciences Natural resources Socio-humanitarian Nutrition and health Bioproductivity of agroecosystems Photo-biological security Comparison of light sources Quantum energy Space program Nanotechnologies Nature-like-technologies Nanotechnologies Green graphene Drinking water Food and Plants Led-nano Lighting Spectrum control Biolight Quantum Medicine Climate control Quantum Energy Data transfer Intelligent systems Social technology Nanomaterials in products Catalog Nanomaterials Lighting systems Сlimate systems Phytocomplexes Power generators Water generators Intelligent systems Warranty Delivery Environmental programs Environmental modernization Modernization of the light park Modernization of greenhouses Recycling and wastelessness Secure video environment Eco-Settlement Support Greening production Greening pharma Greening energy Healthy life Quantum transition Partnership programs Patrons Greenstock Scientific search Tesla science center Cooperation Invitation to cooperation Oferta For leaders For investors For manufacturers For patrons and foundations Quantum transition program Library FAQ Ecosapiens Nikola Tesla Designing the future Facebook VK Youtube Telegram En Ru Nikola Tesla The genius physicist, engineer, inventor in the field of electrical and radio engineering Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in the village of Smiliany, Austrian Empire, now it is the territory of Croatia. He died on January 7, 1943, in New York, USA. The first half of the life of Nikola Tesla (XIX century) Project Wondercliff The second half of the life of Nikola Tesla (XX century) Nikola Tesla's inventions and scientific works Dates of the life of Nikola Tesla The death of Nikola Tesla Perpetuation of the memory of Nikola Tesla Modern application of Tesla's ideas10 amazing predictions According to some testimonies Five lessons we can learn Attitude towards science and people His greatest love was science for the betterment of humanity. “ I do not think there is any thrill that can go through the human heart like that felt by the inventor as he sees some creation of the brain unfolding to success... such emotions make a man forget food, sleep, friends, love, everything. “ Science is but a perversion of itself unless it has as its ultimate goal the betterment of humanity. The first half of the life of Nikola Tesla (XIX century) Tesla grew up in Austria-Hungary, and in his mature years mainly worked in France and the USA Tesla is widely known for his scientific and revolutionary contribution to the study of the properties of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tesla's patents and theoretical work provided the basis for the invention and development of many modern AC devices, polyphase systems and an electric motor, which made it possible to accomplish the so-called second stage of the industrial revolution. Nikola Tesla is known as a supporter of aetheric physics: his numerous experiments and experiments are known to show the presence of aether as a special form of matter that can be used in technology. The unit for measuring the density of magnetic flux (magnetic induction) is named after N. Tesla. Among the many awards of the scientist are the medals of E. Cresson, J. Scott, T. Edison. Contemporaries-biographers considered Tesla "the man who invented the 20th century" and the "patron saint" of ether and modern electricity. After demonstrating radio and winning the War of the Currents, Tesla was widely recognized as an outstanding electrical engineer and inventor. Tesla's early work paved the way for modern electrical engineering. His early discoveries were innovative. In the United States, Tesla's fame could compete with any inventor or scientist in history or popular culture. The Tesla family lived in the village of Smilyany, 6 km from the city of Gospic, the main city of the historical province of Lika, which at that time was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father - Milutin Tesla (1819-1879), priest of the Sremsk diocese of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Serb. Mother - Dahlia (Juka) Tesla (1822-1892), nee Mandich, was the daughter of a priest. On June 28 (July 10), 1856, the fourth child, Nikola, appeared in the family. In total, the family had five children: three daughters - Milka, Angelina and Maritsa and two sons - Nikola and his older brother Dane. When Nicola was five years old, his brother died after falling from a horse. Nikola finished the first grade of elementary school in Smiliany. In 1862, shortly after the death of Dane, the father of the family was promoted to dignity, and the Tesla family moved to Gospic, where Nikola completed the remaining three classes of primary school, and then the three-year lower real gymnasium, which he graduated in 1870. In the autumn of the same year, Nikola entered the Higher Real School in the city of Karlovac. He lived in the house of his aunt, father's cousin, Stanka Baranovich. In July 1873, Nicola received his matriculation certificate. Despite his father's instructions, Nikola returned to his family in Gospic, where there was an epidemic of cholera, and immediately became infected, however, it is not completely clear whether it was actually cholera. The doctors believed that his days were numbered. For a moment, coming to his senses, Nikola asked his father to allow him to continue his studies as an engineer, promising that if he received consent, he would "heal himself, because he would find the will to live." The father, who had lost all hope, finally agreed - and then, to the surprise of the doctors, the unexpected really happened: Tesla recovered in a few days. The illness lasted 9 months. The recovered Nikola was soon to be called up for a three-year service in the Austro-Hungarian army. Relatives considered him not healthy enough and hid in the mountains. He returned back only at the beginning of the summer of 1875. Milutin Tesla, Serbian priest, Nikola's father Birth certificate Nikola Tesla (Serbian-Slavic Cyrillic) In the same year, Nikola entered the Higher Technical School in Graz (now the Graz Technical University, where Professor Stefan Marinov taught until 1997) and began to study electrical engineering. Observing the work of the Gramm machine at lectures on electrical engineering, Tesla came to the idea of the imperfection of DC machines, but Professor Jacob Peschl sharply criticized his ideas, giving a lecture on the impracticability of using alternating current in electric motors before the whole course. In his third year, Tesla became interested in gambling, losing large sums of money at cards. In his memoirs, Tesla wrote that he was motivated by "not only the desire to have fun, but also failure to achieve the intended goal." He always distributed the winnings to the losers, for which he soon became known as an eccentric. In the end, he lost so badly that his mother had to borrow from her friend. Since then, he never played cards again. Nikola's father died on April 17 (29), 1879. Tesla got a job as a teacher in a real gymnasium in Gospic, the one in which he studied. Work in Gospic did not suit him. The family had little money, and only thanks to financial assistance from his two uncles, Petar and Pavel Mandic, young Tesla was able to leave for Prague in January 1880, where he entered the philosophy faculty of the Prague University. He studied for only one semester and was forced to look for work. Until 1882, Tesla worked as an electrical engineer for the government telegraph company in Budapest, which at the time was involved in laying telephone lines and building a central telephone exchange. In February 1882, Tesla figured out how to use a phenomenon in an electric motor, later called a rotating magnetic field. Working in a telegraph company did not allow Tesla to carry out his plans to create an alternating current electric motor. In late 1882 he took a job with the Continental Edison Company in Paris. One of the most significant works of the company was the construction of a power station for the railway station in Strasbourg. In early 1883, the company dispatched Nicola to Strasbourg to solve a number of operational problems the company faced while installing lighting equipment at the new railway station. In his spare time, Tesla worked on the manufacture of a model of an asynchronous electric motor, and in 1883 he demonstrated the operation of the motor in the city hall of Strasbourg. By the spring of 1884, work at the Strasbourg railway station was completed, and Tesla returned to Paris expecting a $ 25,000 bonus from the company. Having tried to get the bonuses due to him, he realized that he would not receive this money and, offended, resigned. Nikola Tesla, 23 N. Tesla with "The Theory of Natural Philosophy:" by Rujer Boschkovich against the background of the HF transformer coil in his laboratory on Houston Street One of the first biographers of the inventor BN Rzhonsnitsky states: "His first thought was to go to St. Petersburg, since many important discoveries and inventions for the development of electrical engineering were made in Russia in those years. The names of Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov, Dmitry Alexandrovich Lachinov, Vladimir Nikolaevich Chikolev and others were well known to electricians of all countries, their articles were published in the most widespread electrical engineering journals in the world and, undoubtedly, were also known to Tesla. " But at the last moment, one of the Continental Company administrators, Charles Batchelor, persuaded Nicola to go to the United States instead of Russia. Bechlor wrote a letter of introduction to his friend Edison: "It would be an unforgivable mistake to give such a talent the opportunity to leave for Russia. You will still be grateful to me, Mr. Edison, for the fact that I did not regret several hours to convince this young man to give up the idea of going to St. Petersburg. I know two great people - one of them you, the second is this young man. " For the first time, this note is mentioned by the first major biographer of Tesla, John O'Neill. The documented text of the note has not yet been published. On July 6, 1884, Tesla arrived in New York. He took a job with Thomas Edison Machine Works as a repair engineer for DC motors and generators. Edison perceived Tesla's new ideas rather coldly and more and more openly expressed disapproval of the direction of the inventor's personal research. In the spring of 1885, Edison promised Tesla $ 50,000 (at that time the amount was approximately equivalent to $ 1 million today) if he could constructively improve the DC electric machines invented by Edison. Nicola went to work actively and soon introduced 24 variants of the Edison machine, a new switch and regulator, significantly improving performance. Approving all the improvements, Edison, known for his shamelessness, refused Tesla in response to a question about the reward, noting that the emigrant did not yet understand American humor very well. Insulted Tesla immediately resigned. After working for only a year at Edison's company, Tesla gained fame in the business community. Upon learning of his dismissal, a group of electrical engineers suggested that Nicola organize her own company related to electric lighting. Tesla's projects on the use of alternating current did not inspire them, and then they changed the original proposal, limiting only to a proposal to develop a draft arc lamp for street lighting. A year later, the project was ready. Instead of money, the entrepreneurs offered the inventor a part of the shares of the company created to operate the new lamp. This option did not suit the inventor, but the company, in response, tried to get rid of him, trying to slander and defame Tesla. From the fall of 1886 to the spring, the young inventor was forced to interrupt in ancillary work. He was busy digging ditches, "he slept where he had to, and ate what he found." During this period, he became friends with a similarly positioned engineer Brown, who was able to persuade several of his acquaintances to provide a small financial support to Tesla. In April 1887, Tesla Arc Light Company, created with this money, began to arrange street lighting with new arc lamps. Soon the prospects of the company were proved by large orders from many cities in the United States. For the inventor himself, the company was only a means to achieve the cherished goal. For the office of his company in New York, Tesla rented a house on Fifth Avenue near the building occupied by Edison's company. Between the two companies, a fierce competition began, known in America as the War of Currents. Edison launched a massive information campaign against AC, claiming it was a life-threatening threat. Edison turned to black PR, publicly demonstrating the killing of animals with alternating current. In addition, at about the same time, a man named Pope was killed by a broken transformer in his basement; the incident was widely reported by the press. Finally, in 1887, Edison-funded engineer Harold Brown proposed the idea of electrocuting criminals - of course, by «dangerous» variables rather than by «safe» constant.Tesla said of Thomas Edison: "If Edison needed to find a needle in a haystack, he wouldn't waste time identifying the most common location. He would immediately, with the feverish adrenaline of the bee, begin to examine straws at a time until he found his way. His methods were extremely ineffective: he could spend an enormous amount of time and energy and not achieve anything unless he was helped by a happy accident. At first, I watched with sadness his work, realizing that a little creative knowledge and computation would save him thirty percent of the labor. But he had a genuine disdain for book image and mathematical knowledge, trusting his innovator's instincts and the common sense of the American." In July 1888, the famous American industrialist George Westinghouse bought more than 40 patents from Tesla, paying an average of $ 25,000 each. Westinghouse also hired the inventor to act as a consultant at factories in Pittsburgh that developed industrial designs for AC machines. The work did not bring satisfaction to the inventor, hindering the emergence of new ideas. Despite the persuasion of Westinghouse, Tesla returned to his laboratory in New York a year later. Soon after returning from Pittsburgh, Nikola Tesla traveled to Europe, where he attended the 1889 World's Fair in Paris; visited his mother and sister Maritsa. In 1888-1895 Tesla was engaged in research of magnetic fields and high frequencies in his laboratory. These years were the most fruitful: he received many patents. The American Institute of Electrical Engineers invited Tesla to give a lecture about his work. On May 20, 1892, he addressed an audience that included the prominent electrical engineers of the day, and was a great success. On March 13, 1895, a fire broke out in the Fifth Avenue laboratory. The building burned to the ground, destroying the very latest achievements of the inventor - a mechanical oscillator, a new method of electric lighting, a new method of wireless transmission of messages over long distances, and a method for studying the nature of electricity. Tesla himself said that he could restore all his discoveries from memory. Nikola Tesla in a laboratory in Colorado Springs. Early 1900s (double exposure photo) Financial assistance to the inventor was provided by the Niagara Falls Company. Thanks to Edward Adams, Tesla got $ 100,000 to equip a new laboratory. In the fall, research resumed at a new address: 46 Houston Street. At the end of 1896, Tesla achieved a radio signal transmission over a distance of 30 miles (48 km). According to Tesla's assumption, the highest intensity of standing waves from Colorado Springs reached near the island of Amsterdam in the Indian Ocean. In May 1899, at the invitation of the local electric company, Tesla moved to the resort town of Colorado Springs in Colorado. The town was located on a vast plateau at an altitude of 2000 m. Strong thunderstorms were not uncommon in these places. In Colorado Springs, Tesla set up a small laboratory. This time the sponsor was the owner of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, who allocated $ 30,000 for the research. To study thunderstorms, Tesla designed a special device, which is a transformer, one end of the primary winding of which was grounded, and the other was connected to a metal ball on a rod extending upward. A sensitive self-adjusting device connected to a recording device was connected to the secondary winding. This device allowed Nikola Tesla to study changes in the Earth's potential, including the effect of standing electromagnetic waves caused by lightning discharges in the Earth's atmosphere (after more than five decades, this effect was studied in detail and later became known as the "Schumann Resonance"). Observations led the inventor to the idea of the possibility of transmitting electricity without wires over long distances. Tesla directed his next experiment to study the possibility of self-creation of a standing electromagnetic wave. In addition to a variety of induction coils and other equipment, he designed a "booster transmitter". On the huge base of the transformer, the turns of the primary winding were wound. The secondary winding was connected to a 60-meter mast and ended with a copper ball of 1-meter diameter. When an alternating voltage of several thousand volts was passed through the primary coil, a current with a voltage of several million volts and a frequency of up to 150 thousand hertz arose in the secondary coil. During the experiment, lightning-like discharges emanating from a metal ball were recorded. The length of some discharges reached almost 4.5 meters, and thunder could be heard at a distance of up to 24 km. The first run of the experiment was interrupted by a burned-out generator at a power plant in Colorado Springs, which was the source of current for the primary winding of the "booster transmitter". Tesla was forced to stop experimenting and independently repair the failed generator. The experiment was continued after a week. Based on the experiment, Tesla concluded that the device allowed him to generate standing waves that propagated spherically from the transmitter, and then converged with increasing intensity at a diametrically opposite point of the globe, somewhere near the islands of Amsterdam and Saint-Paul in the Indian Ocean. Nikola Tesla recorded his notes and observations from experiments in the laboratory in Colorado Springs in a diary, which was later published under the title "Colorado Springs Notes, 1899-1900". In the fall of 1899, Tesla returned to New York. Project Wondercliffe Project Wadercliff Radiant Tower 60 km north of New York on Long Island, Nikola Tesla acquired a plot of land bordering the possession of Charles Warden. The plot with an area of 0.8 km² was located at a considerable distance from the settlements. Here Tesla planned to build a laboratory and a science town. By his order, the architect V. Grow developed a project for a radio station - a 47-meter wooden frame tower with a copper hemisphere at the top. The construction of such a structure made of wood gave rise to many difficulties: due to the massive hemisphere, the center of gravity of the building shifted upward, depriving the structure of stability. With difficulty, we managed to find a construction company that took on the project. The construction of the tower was completed in 1902. Tesla settled in a small cottage nearby. As part of the project, the same towers were to be installed in Amsterdam, China and at the Poles of the World. In the summer of 1903, Midnight has passed the test run of the only tower in Long Island. This is what eyewitnesses describe this experim… truncated (64,854 more characters in archive)